The movement to make scientific research (including publications, data, physical samples, and software) and its dissemination accessible to all levels of an inquiring society.

Scientific research conducted, in whole or in part, by non-professional scientists.

Scientific research and technological development processes that take into account effects and potential impacts on the environment and society Research Ethics: concerned with the moral issues that arise during or as a result of research activities, as well as the ethical conduct of researchers.

Refers to Reliability, Honesty, Respect and Accountability. The authors of the influential Singapore Statement on Research Integrity proposed fundamental principles relating to Honesty, Accountability, professional courtesy and fairness, and Good stewardship of research.